1. A common approach to AI ethics alone is unlikely to provide sufficient glue for robust cooperation on AI. Many of the frameworks on AI regulation and ethics have emerged from multistakeholder processes convened by academia, advocacy organizations, think tanks, and others. A renewed focus on using economic and trade forums to make progress on AI issues should include APEC, where discussions on digital trade and data flow issues are also happening, and which provides a useful forum to develop approaches to AI regulation that appropriately balance the need to address AI risk and support AI innovation. Often this requires that conveners curate and calibrate the contributions to the process. Neural Computation 10, 2010 and arXiv 1003.0358, 2010: committee of 25 NN 784-800-10 [elastic distortions] width normalization, deslanting: 0.39: Meier et al. A draft AI regulation is expected in spring 2021, complemented by an updated safety and liability regime for AI and a European Data Strategy. Senate and House bills for the Algorithmic Accountability Act (S. 1108, H.R. The Task Force for Artificial Intelligence for Health (AI4Health) outlines the case for strategic investments in a national AI for health strategy. They also may create high expectations when the trust of the United States is at an ebb. New rules affecting AI are being developed in trade agreements such as U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, including commitments to sustain cross-border data flows and to exclude data localization requirements (subject to appropriate exceptions), as well as commitments to protecting privacy and the interoperability of such regimes.50 There are also AI-specific provisions in the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement among Singapore, New Zealand, and Chile and in the Australia-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement.51 In addition, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has an increasingly robust work program on digital trade issues, including on developing interoperability mechanisms to facilitate data flow among APEC economies. This second, updated overview of national AI strategies around the globe provides both a reference and a toolkit. The notion that there might be ways to engage with China on AI might be controversial, but it is the case that not all uses of AI by China are unethical or create economic risks. Lead by the ITU, the “AI for Good Global Summit” is the leading U.N. platform for global dialogue on AI.49 The summit includes engagement by 37 U.N. partners. Government policy towards AI includes developing AI ethical principles, investing in AI R&D, preparing the workforce for opportunities as well as disruptions from AI, and assessing the need for AI regulation and standards. All Rights Reserved. He received the best paper award of ICML’14 and was nominated for the best paper of WWW’16. A former member of Google Brain, Alex’s graduate work in machine learning has been among the most influential in the field. These challenges on AI underscore the need for coordination on AI to support a market-based approach to AI development where gains can be captured broadly, especially given the potential of AI deployment for good. Mr. Dussault is currently President of ACVA Investing Corporation which is a privately held investment company. Understand the societal implications of AI by developing global thought leadership on the economic, ethical, policy, and legal implications of advances in AI. The second challenge comes from other governments whose AI policies could lead to prescriptive regulation that may stifle AI innovation and discriminate against U.S. technology firms. GPAI has four working groups of stakeholders and officials focused on Responsible Development, Use and Governance of AI, Data Governance, Innovation and Commercialization, and the Future of Work. Goodfellow et al. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a potentially transformational technology that will have broad social, economic, national security, and geopolitical implications for the United States and the world.1 AI is not one particular technology but a general-purpose technology combining software and hardware in systems that enable technologies (machine learning, knowledge representation, and other forms of computerized approximation of human intelligence). The U.S. joined in May 2020.44. 2020-1, John P. Holdren, 2016., Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, October 2016. Key outcomes include a set of AI principles (based on the OECD AI Principles) as part of the 2019 Osaka G-20 and ongoing G-20 work that focuses on developing a human-centered approach to AI.45 Related G-20 work affirming the importance of data free flow with trust and data flows is also important for AI development. However, even a common approach to AI ethics can produce divergence likely to create barriers to AI innovation and diffusion when translated into domestic regulation without international coordination. © Copyright 2021 CIFAR. This includes areas such as assessing AI risk, developing international AI standards, and to the conformity assessment of AI products. This led to publication of the Commission’s White Paper on Artificial Intelligence in February 2020, envisioning a “European ecosystem of excellence and trust.” Proposals in the white paper include measures to streamline research and foster collaboration on AI among member states, and increasing investment into AI development and deployment by 70 percent. As outlined, important progress has already been made developing common AI ethical principles. Several state and local laws limit or prohibit the use of biometric data collection, such as the state of California and Massachusetts In 2020, cities like San Francisco, Oakland, California, and Somerville, Massachusetts, passed bills to ban the use of facial recognition software for policing and law enforcement purposes.. The fear is that somehow machine learning systems will become sentient and decide independently from their programmers (and masters) about … NIST’s work could be a foundation for collaboration on an international framework that integrates the wide array of international standards into a common approach to AI governance that could ultimately inform policy decisionmaking. The development of principles for ethical use of AI has been a major focus for governments as well as international organizations, industry, academia, and civil society.3 The U.S. government has also been a key player in developing AI ethical principles. Such processes can also operate as adjuncts to governmental policymaking, as is the case with GPAI, the OECD AI recommendations, and the work of the EU’s High Level Expert Group on AI. Canada CIFAR AI Chairs program surges past 100, Ontario researchers use AI to diagnose and treat COVID-19. Such leadership could begin in cooperation with the EU and other government) but should become part of broader U.S. diplomatic and development outreach and investment. These datasets are used for machine-learning research and have been cited in peer-reviewed academic journals. Dutton, “An overview of national AI strategies.” View in article. He is a recipient of the CIFAR AI Research Chair. To foster AI policies that support development of beneficial, trustworthy, and robust artificial intelligence will require international engagement by the United States and cooperation among like-minded democracies that are leaders in artificial intelligence. Johnny Kung, 2020. “Building an AI World: Report on National and Regional AI Strategies”, CIFAR; Johnny Kung, 2020. “Building an AI World: Report on National and Regional AI Strategies”, CIFAR first propose an efficient untargeted attack, called the FGSM, to generate adversarial samples in the L ∞ neighbor of the benign samples, as shown in Fig. China’s use of state supported AI in ways incompatible with democratic freedoms deeply valued by the United States and its allies underscore the need for a liberal approach to AI development where gains can be captured and distributed broadly. 661 University Ave., Suite 505 Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies, “Guidance for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Applications”. Foster a collaborative AI ecosystem by establishing interconnected nodes of scientific excellence in Canada’s three major centres for AI: Edmonton, Montreal, and Toronto. Take A Sneak Peak At The Movies Coming Out This Week (8/12) #BanPaparazzi – Hollywood.com will not post paparazzi photos; Hollywood women are up for the challenge. Minds and Machines. Novel infrastructures, such as two deep learning models competing against each other in generative adversarial networks, have enabled developments like eerily realistic synthetic media. Commonalities in governments’ AI policies, • Establish national AI research centers, • Remuneration incentives and visa policies to attract international talent, • Increase AI programs or components in master’s and doctoral programs, • Increase reskilling/training programs for workers, • Incorporate more STEM (including AI) in primary to undergrad curriculum, • Establish digital innovation hubs to connect companies to AI expertise, • Use state investment funds to support startups and leverage, • Make public datasets available for AI development, • Develop regulation to address AI specific opportunities and risks, • Develop cybersecurity policies for infrastructure and data, including supply chains, • Pilot AI-based solutions in public service, • Engaging in international organizations, working with international partners, • Establishing international public-private partnerships, • Promote use of AI to solve common challenges (SDGs) and advance debate on issues arising from AI (robot alienation/citizenship, global safety). At the same time, synthetic media can include deep fakes used to spread disinformation and generational adversarial networks can train malware to evade cybersecurity countermeasures. In light of the economic and trade implications of AI, the U.S. should expand its use of trade agreements, including in free trade agreements and in discussion in the World Trade Organization to develop rules and norms relevant to AI. There is significant international convergence around certain principles of ethical AI that provides an important starting point for international cooperation on AI.12 One report assessing 22 sets of such principles found that requirements for accountability and/or privacy and/or fairness appear in about 80 percent and appear to be the minimum requirements for an ethically-sound AI system. The recommendations that follow are based on three interrelated goals that should be a focus for the new administration and its international engagement on technology and AI: (1) developing avenues of cooperation for global development of AI, (2) effective alignment with the EU on AI, and (3) addressing the China challenge. As technology increasingly becomes an object of concern to governments around the world, a broad range of issues from economic development, competitiveness, and digital trade to competition and content on platforms and social media, data flows, privacy, cybersecurity, and other issues have emerged as mainstream concerns alongside AI. Rather than dealing with such issues as a starting point, therefore, the best way to develop international cooperation may be simply to cooperate—to set out to deploy AI on important problems that demand transnational solutions, require resources on a large scale, and provide a significant demonstration project both for international AI cooperation and for AI for good. Guidance for the Brookings community and the public on our response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) », Learn more from Brookings scholars about the global response to coronavirus (COVID-19) ». These developments are essential for increasing trust in the use of AI in a range of applications where black box decisions or predictions can be problematic for its use, such as in critical infrastructure and cybersecurity, expanding opportunities for AI in government and private services, and in helping address concerns about the treatment of sensitive and personal information. Realizing this interest will require building global capacity for AI development and its application and advocating for policies that support innovation and R&D, including access to data, talent, and computing capacity. The National AI R&D Strategic Plan prepared in 2016 and updated in 2019 set priorities for federal investment in AI R&D,14 and Executive Order 13859 launched the American AI Initiative in 2019.15 The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act 2021 established the White House National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office charged with coordinating the national AI strategy—a potentially powerful tool for a whole-of-government government to push on AI in a coordinated and strategic way.16 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Guidance on how to balance AI regulation in ways that address legitimate AI risk and support AI innovation provides guidance for how to regulate AI and a potential roadmap for other governments.17 The National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) is developing a comprehensive approach to developing AI standards that is data-driven and could be the basis for a common understanding on how to measure trustworthy AI.18 The 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) further develops AI policy in the defense and non-defense sectors.19 This includes establishing a National AI Research Task Force to investigate the feasibility of establishing a National AI Research Resource, permitting the National Science Foundation (NSF) to establish National AI Research Institutes, and tasking NIST to develop an AI Risk Management Framework. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! A successful project of this kind could achieve two things: It could contribute toward solving a significant global problem, and it could cut through a Gordian knot of differences in approaches to regulation. AI branches that mimic human intelligence include machine learning, computer vision, and robotics, as shown in Fig. These reflect shared democratic liberal values and concerns that AI develop in ways that is nondiscriminatory and protects and respect values including human dignity, autonomy, and privacy. At the same time, China combines a restricted domestic market with an international approach to AI that includes aggressive acquisition of intellectual property (IP) and innovation from rivals, government subsidies that tilt the playing field towards Chinese companies, and strategic engagement in international forums for standards and norms that support China’s applications of AI. 2557). In 2017, the Government of Canada appointed CIFAR to develop and lead a $125 million Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy, the world’s first national AI strategy. As these AI regulatory efforts take shape, international cooperation can minimize unnecessary divergence and find areas where alignment is possible. As governments carry out their international cooperation aspirations, there is a range of international efforts developing rules and norms around technology and data that have implications for AI. The importance and opportunities of transatlantic cooperation on AI, The U.S. and EU should base AI regulations on shared democratic values, How different countries view artificial intelligence, MGI-Notes-from-the-AI-frontier-Modeling-the-impact-of-AI-on-the-world-economy-September-2018.ashx (mckinsey.com), preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf (archives.gov), 2019-CATS-5830-REV_DOC--DraftOMBMemoonRegulationofAI101019.docx (whitehouse.gov), DOD Adopts Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence > U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE > Release, Thierry Breton: European companies must be ones profiting from European data – POLITICO, Transition 2021: America's Role in the World, A blueprint for technology governance in the post-pandemic world, Beyond Huawei and TikTok: Untangling US concerns over Chinese tech companies and digital security, • Establish guidelines and promote research on explainability and accountability, AI specific regulation, privacy, cybersecurity, • Set up regulatory sandboxes to test AI products, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, Interim Report November 2019 https://www.nscai.gov/about/reports-to-congress; Erik Brynjolfsson et al., “Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Productivity Paradox: A Clash of Expectations and Statistics”, NBER Working Paper no. To support a national research community on artificial intelligence. Supporters Charitable Registration Number: 11921 9251 RR0001. View in article Indeed, China has developed its own AI ethical principles that align with western ethical principles in material ways.53 China’s participation in the G-20 and engagement in international standards bodies provide opportunities to influence Chinese policies and practices. As an advanced product of digital technologies and the internet, AI has grown up across national boundaries. Introduction. Reuters, “Beijing to build $2 billion AI research park: Xinhua,” January 3, 2018; Reuters, “China’s city of Tianjin to set up $16-billion artificial intelligence fund,” May 17, 2018. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and the recently enacted California Consumer Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) sets out comprehensive data privacy requirements and establish a right to limit algorithmic profiling. How will AI impact the way you live and work? These include safety risks in sectors such as transportation as well AI applications with the potential to erode or threaten individual fundamental rights in the EU human rights framework, such as consumer protection, nondiscrimination, and freedom of expression. The European Commission launched development of its AI strategy in 2017, tasking a High-Level Expert Group on AI to establish guidelines for the trustworthy and ethical use of AI in the EU and later releasing an assessment of Europe’s competitive position in AI. The white paper also proposes regulating “high-risk” AI applications. Examples are the California Bolstering Online Transparency (“B.O.T.”) Act (S.B. Frequently, the question of the AI apocalypse, or the AI singularity has been raised in non-technical articles on AI. But not all AI involves brute force analysis of vast arrays of data. He also applies machine learning to various problems in artificial intelligence, notably the automated design and analysis of algorithms for solving hard computational problems. The main ones are expanding cooperation with leading AI universities and joint research centers globally; expanding its role in determining technological standards; and more actively participating in AI governance including tackling common challenges (robot alienation, safety supervision).34, The development of AI policies by the U.S., China, and the EU reflects a broader global trend to develop increasingly comprehensive and strategic approaches to AI.35 Table 1 below summarized the published AI strategies of 28 countries.36 These strategies differ in terms of emphasis and levels of funding, but there are common elements. CPTPP articles 14.11, 14.13; USMCA articles 19.8, 19.11, 19.12, Australia-Singapore Digital Economy 30 & 31; Agreement Article Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, Article 8.2, O’Hara, K. and Hall, W. (2018), Four Internets: The Geopolitics of Digital Governance, CIGI Papers No. It relies heavily on open source software, global publications, shared data, and distributed computing. Thus, their work includes AI standards on terminology and interoperability frameworks for AI,47 and in the case of the IEEE, how to implement ethical AI principles into technical standards.48. This work in international AI standards bodies is additional to domestic work, such as that by NIST and regional bodies such as European focused CEN-CENELEC. One notable area of progress in international cooperation on AI has been development of transnational AI ethical principles. In 2017, the Government of Canada appointed CIFAR to develop and lead a $125 million Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy, the world’s first national AI strategy. ConspectusThe ongoing revolution of the natural sciences by the advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence sparked significant interest in the material science community in recent years. China’s AI strategy also needs to be assessed alongside its efforts to internationalize its technology and standards, including along the “Digital Silk Road” as a component of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, and by proactive and strategic engagement in international standards organizations.33, China’s AI policies also include some elements of international cooperation on AI. However, the inclusion of China and Russia in the G-20 will limit the extent to which that body can drive effective international cooperation on AI as well as other technology issues. Stay up to date on news & ideas from CIFAR. These include ISO/IEC, IEEE, and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). It may be difficult to align certain differences over ethics, regulation, and national aspirations in the abstract. These tactics are often at odds with the interests of the U.S. and other leading economies, and the use of AI in applications like repressive surveillance is at odds with American values and those of other democracies. It initiated the Global Partnership for AI (GPAI), promoted by Canada during its G-7 presidency in 2018, and then picked up by France during its 2019 G-7 presidency. Over the last years deep learning methods have been shown to outperform previous state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in several fields, with computer vision being one of the most prominent cases. In 2017, Canada became the first country to adopt a national AI strategy. The U.S. can encourage and support AI efforts that seek to develop and compete on fair terms. The economic and strategic importance of AI has led to a proliferation of AI policies and strategies globally. And when it comes to a discussion on technology and AI issues, the G-7 overrepresents European countries based on GDP and not technology leadership. Meltzer., Cameron Kerry and Alex Engler, “Submission to the EC White Paper on Artificial Intelligence, the importance and opportunities of transatlantic cooperation on AI”, June 2020. Without international coordination and integration, AI policies are unlikely to realize their potential and instead create barriers to AI diffusion globally. by increasing the number of outstanding AI researchers and skilled graduates in Canada. NIST has begun work on core building blocks of trustworthy artificial intelligence, including security and explainability. The broader G-20, which includes China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, also has made AI a subject of discussions. It also requires a more strategic approach to how Chinese researchers engage, one that avoids shutting the door entirely to collaboration but is clear-eyed about the risks and takes appropriate measures to mitigate these. It often involves multidisciplinary teams in multiple locations. Accenture Canada's analysis of the economic impact of the world's first national AI strategy. In particular, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework is a good model for how to leverage international standards to build a common, globally acceptable approach to AI. In addition, there is funding for AI R&D as well as AI research institutes.20 In 2020 alone, the federal government has spent almost $1 billion in nondefense artificial intelligence research and development21 and announced $140 million in awards over five years to seven NSF-led AI Research Institutes. The authors thank Rosanna Fanni for providing valuable research assistance. This would go beyond overarching issues like ethics and governance that have been the focus of discussion in existing international forums, and put cooperation on AI into practice. … The EU and the U.S. should intensify their cooperation at bilateral and multilateral levels to promote regulatory convergence and facilitate free data flow with trust on the basis of high standards and safeguards.” Concretely, the commission proposes a Transatlantic AI Agenda to advance regional and global standards rooted in EU values. The COVID-19 crisis has hit hard. Individual leaders have become engaged in these issues. The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) is leading the Government of Canada's CAD$125M Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy, which promotes collaboration, talent building and research on AI among Canada's already well-developed centres of AI expertise. Various U.N. agencies are also engaged in research on AI, such as International Labor Organization (ILO) work on its impact on work and jobs, and UNESCO has commenced a Global Dialogue on the Ethics of AI. China has already shown how its political values have led to the use of AI to surveil and control in ways that are unacceptable in the U.S. and other democratic countries.39 AI is also being exported to other governments with authoritarian goals; in 2018, Freedom House documented 18 countries that purchased AI surveillance tools from China.40 Such policies have led Western countries to explore working together in response, with European Commission President von der Leyen explaining their proposal to strengthen the transatlantic partnership in part as a response to “an illiberal China.”. As a Venture Partner with deep expertise in artificial intelligence, Alex focuses on applications of this emerging technology to a wide range of problems. Reinforcement learning has led to superhuman video game performance and holds great promise for robotics. This open and distributed approach to AI innovation has allowed researchers from China to Australia to India to gain AI skills and contribute to global AI innovation.38.
Jump Button Png, Bus 26 Coronavirus, Zone Inondable Hors Ppri, Project Cars Go Apk, Fashion Brand Logo, L'histoire De La Littérature Ivoirienne, Olivia Leray Naissance, Alain Soral Fary, Game Card Editor, Clsc Laval Marigot,